Performing a routine safety inspection, commonly referred to as an M Check, for your bicycle is highly recommended before embarking on a lengthy journey or at least once per week. This manual assists you in identifying possible issues in a systematic and memorable manner.
Table of Contents
What is the M check?
The M check involves a fundamental examination of the essential operational components of a bicycle, starting from the front hub and progressing towards the rear.
This inspection is named after the pattern resembling the letter M that you follow while assessing the bike (quite clever, isn’t it?).
Following this systematic approach proves to be beneficial as it enables you to promptly pinpoint any issues with the bike. With regular practice, conducting a thorough check of any bicycle should only take a few minutes.
Below, we have detailed each step of the M check for your reference.
How to safety check wheels, brakes and hubs on a bike
Begin by ensuring that the wheels are securely attached to the bicycle.
In modern times, wheels are typically fastened using a quick-release skewer or a bolt-thru axle mechanism.
If your bike is equipped with quick-release levers, tighten them by pressing down on the lever and rotating the nut on the opposite side until it snugly rests against the fork (or frame).
Subsequently, open the lever and give the nut an additional full turn. This adjustment should allow you to firmly secure the quick-release without exerting excessive force, ensuring that the wheel sits securely and evenly in the dropouts.
Performing this task while the bike is on the ground can aid in ensuring that the wheel is correctly positioned within the dropouts.
On the other hand, bolt-thru axles are usually inserted through the hub and screwed into the corresponding fork leg or chainstay. Before riding, it is essential to verify that the closure system is tightened according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Next, assess the hub’s condition by gently rocking the wheel from side to side to detect any looseness or lateral movement.
Give the wheel a gentle spin. If you hear any grinding noises or detect roughness, it may indicate the need for a bearing replacement or servicing.
While the wheel is in motion, inspect whether the disc or wheel rim runs smoothly through the brake caliper. If there is any rubbing, adjustments to the brakes or caliper may be necessary.
Lastly, test the brake levers by squeezing them to confirm that the brakes are functioning correctly. In the case of hydraulic brakes feeling slightly soft, they might necessitate bleeding.
For cable pull brakes that lack firmness and precision, adjustments to the cable tension or replacement of the disc brake pads may be required.
How to safety check bike tyres
Ensure that the tyres are correctly positioned within the rim. Inspect the bead where the tyre makes contact with the wheel rim, ensuring that it appears uniform all around. If there are any irregularities, consider reinstalling the tyre for proper alignment.
Once you have confirmed that the tyre is correctly seated, assess the sidewalls and tread for any signs of excessive wear or damage. Damaged or worn-out tyres pose a safety risk, so it is advisable to replace them before cycling if there are any doubts.
Bicycle tyres lack specific regulations or markers, necessitating the use of personal judgment. For road tyres, you may observe a flat spot developing, and visible carcass indicates a clear need for replacement.
In the case of mountain bikes, degradation of the knobs signifies that the tyre has become ineffective and requires replacement.
For those utilizing tubeless tyre configurations and have not used the bike for an extended period, it is recommended to inspect the sealant to ensure it has not dried out by opening the bead.
While inner tubes naturally lose air over time, discovering a completely deflated tyre upon returning to your bike may indicate a puncture. To avoid interruptions during your ride, it is advisable to address any punctures, even minor ones, before setting off.
Before cycling, inflate your tyres to the appropriate pressure. It is important to note that the optimal tyre pressure varies between road and mountain bikes.
How to safety check your bike’s suspension components
Proceed to examine the fork for any hairline cracks or signs of damage. For suspension forks, inspect the stanchions for scratches or an abundance of suspension fluid near the bolts.
It is important to mention that a minimal presence of oil on the stanchions, known as a witness mark, is considered normal and anticipated in certain fork models.
For bicycles equipped with both front and rear air suspension systems, it is advisable to periodically verify that the sag is correctly adjusted, typically around once a month.
How to safety check your bike’s cockpit
Moving on to the headset, gently rock the fork back and forth while applying the front brake to detect any noticeable play. If you sense any knocking, attempt to pinpoint its origin by placing your fingers on the connections.
Subsequently, elevate the wheel and slowly turn the handlebar. If you encounter any grinding sensations or resistance, it may be advisable to service or replace the headset.
To ensure the stem is properly secured, stabilize the front wheel with your knees and exert pressure on the handlebar. You should be able to apply a reasonable amount of force without the stem rotating on the steerer tube.
Stand over the bike and pivot the handlebar forward and backward – for drop handlebars, apply pressure on those as well. There should be no movement in the bars or grips.
For bikes equipped with flat handlebars, check that the brake levers and shifters are firmly fastened.
How to safety check a bike frame
Continuing down the frame, verify that any additional components like a bottle cage are securely attached and free from any rattling.
It is essential to visually examine the entire frame, paying close attention to the welds, if present. In the event of discovering even a minor hairline crack, it is recommended to seek professional evaluation before cycling.
For frames equipped with a suspension system, ensure that the shock mounting bolts are tightly secured, and the shock is functioning correctly, similar to the fork inspection process.
How to safety check your cranks and pedals
Rotate the cranks in the reverse direction to prevent the rear wheel from spinning. A smoothly operating drivetrain typically indicates that the bottom bracket is functioning well.
Examine the chainrings for any signs of damage, missing teeth, or excessive wear. Worn chainrings tend to develop a shark-fin-like profile over time.
Gently move the cranks towards the frame to identify any grinding, resistance, or play. The presence of play may suggest the need for a bottom bracket replacement.
Assess the pedals by spinning them. A properly maintained pedal should not spin freely due to the presence of grease. Additionally, check for any play by rocking the pedal body. If you notice any irregularities in pedal performance, consider replacing or servicing them. Verify that the pedals are correctly installed during this inspection.
For those using clipless pedals, ensure that the metal or plastic cleat on your shoe is not excessively worn, securely fastened, and allows for easy clipping in and out with the desired resistance level.
How to safety check your saddle and seatpost
Regularly remove the seatpost from the frame and clean it thoroughly.
For aluminum, titanium, or steel components, apply a layer of grease before reinserting the seatpost. In the case of a carbon frame or seatpost, it is crucial to use a specialized carbon grip paste. This paste resembles grease but contains fine particles that enhance the friction between the components.
A seized seatpost can cause irreparable damage to the frame, underscoring the importance of this maintenance task.
Upon reinstalling the seatpost at the appropriate saddle height, ensure that the saddle is securely fastened in the clamp.
How to safety check the rear wheel and drivetrain on a bike
Repeat the inspection process conducted on the front wheel for the rear wheel, examining the hub, tires, and brakes for any signs of play, functionality, rubbing, and wear.
Rotate the pedals manually and ensure that the chain moves smoothly without any stiff links. Cycle through the gears using both the front and rear derailleurs.
The chain should transition smoothly by one set of teeth for every shift of the corresponding shifter. If the chain fails to shift as expected, exhibits hesitancy, or dislodges from the teeth, adjustments to the bike’s gears may be necessary.
Regular pre- and post-ride assessments are crucial, as familiarizing yourself with your bike can help you detect issues promptly, potentially before they manifest.
Remain attentive to any unusual mechanical sounds, frame creaks, or abnormal behavior while cycling, addressing them promptly.
Furthermore, applying chain lubricant is essential to enhance the efficiency and durability of your drivetrain.
Through my blog, I aim to share insights on the dedication, care, and attention cycling demands, whether you’re tackling a mountain pass, speeding along a smooth road, or refining your bike’s setup. My mission is to provide well-researched, practical guidance that makes cycling more enjoyable, safer, and accessible for everyone with a passion for two wheels.
- Mastering the Art of Solo Cycling: 10 Essential Tips for Success - February 28, 2024
- Core Training for Cyclists : Transform Your Ride - February 27, 2024
- 10 Ways to Enhance Your Breathing for Better Cycling Performance - February 26, 2024
